What primarily shapes attitudes according to the XM model?

In the context of the XM model, perceptions play a crucial role in shaping attitudes. Perception refers to the process by which individuals interpret and make sense of the information they receive from their environment, experiences, and interactions. These perceptions are heavily influenced by an individual's beliefs and emotions, but they are the lens through which information is filtered and understood.

When people encounter a situation or stimulus, their perceptions influence how they view and react to it, ultimately forming their attitudes towards it. For instance, two individuals may have the same experience; however, their differing perceptions can lead to contrasting attitudes regarding that experience. Therefore, perceptions act as a pivotal factor in determining attitudes, as they dictate how data and experiences are interpreted and valued.

Understanding this connection is essential for utilizing the XM model in practice, as shaping individuals' perceptions can lead to more favorable attitudes and improved engagement in various contexts.